Now that we know a bit about traits and generics, let's dive into trait bounds. Trait bounds allow you to specify that a generic type must implement a particular trait. This ensures that only types with certain capabilities can be used with your generic code.
For example:
std::fmt::Display trait for printing.PartialOrd for comparison.Trait bounds make your code flexible while maintaining strong type safety.
You can specify trait bounds in two ways:
Inline: Specify the trait bounds after the impl or fn keyword.
fn my_function<T: Trait1 + Trait2>(value: T) {
// code here
}Where clause: Use a where clause to specify trait bounds.
fn my_function<T>(value: T)
where
T: Trait1 + Trait2,
{
// code here
}This means that the generic type T must implement both Trait1 and Trait2.
Define a generic function compare_and_display that:
Display trait.PartialOrd trait.Use trait bounds to ensure the function works only with types that implement both Display and PartialOrd.
If you're stuck, here are some hints to help you solve the challenge:
std::cmp::PartialOrd to compare values.std::fmt::Display to print values with the println! macro.T: Trait1 + Trait2 or using a where clause. e.g.
fn my_function<T: Trait1 + Trait2>(value: T) {
// code here
}use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: PartialOrd + Display,{ println!("a: {a} b: {b}"); if a > b { a } else { b }}use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: PartialOrd + Display,{ println!("a: {a} b: {b}"); if a > b { a } else { b }}pub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::{fmt::Display, cmp::PartialOrd};// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { // Complete the function definition if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::{fmt::Display, cmp::PartialOrd};// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: PartialOrd + Display>(a: T, b: T) -> T { if a < b { println!("{0} < {1}", a, b); b } else { a }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { println!("{}", a); println!("{}", b); if a > b { a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(arg1: T, arg2: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd,{ if arg1 > arg2 { arg1 } else { arg2 }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd,{ println!("Comparing {} and {}.", a, b); if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd,{ if a >= b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.// Complete the function definitionuse std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd{ println!("{} {}", a, b); if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a:T, b:T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + std::cmp::PartialOrd, { println!("{}{}", a, b); if a>b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { if a > b { a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.// Complete the function definitionuse std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(item1: T, item2 :T) -> T { println!("{}{}",item1,item2); if item1 > item2{ item1 } else{ item2 }} // Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(para_1 : T, para_2 : T) -> T{ println!("{}",para_1); println!("{}",para_2); if para_1 > para_2{ return para_1; }else{ return para_2; }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: PartialOrd + Display>(left: T, right: T) -> T { if left < right { right } else {left}} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;pub fn _compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd,{ if a > b { println!("{} {}", a, b); a } else { b }}pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { if a > b { println!("{} {}", a, b); a } else { b }}pub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}pub fn _compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd,{ if a > b { println!("{} {}", a, b); a } else { b }}pub fn compare_and_display<T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { if a > b { println!("{} {}", a, b); a } else { b }}pub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd,{ if a > b { println!("{} {}", a, b); a } else { b }}pub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd,{ if a.gt(&b) { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: PartialOrd + std::fmt::Display>(a: T, b: T) -> T { if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::fmt;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(x: T, y:T) -> Twhere T: fmt::Display + PartialOrd,{ println!("{} {}", x, y); if x > y { return x } else { return y } }// Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd,{ if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(param1: T, param2: T) -> T where T: Display + PartialOrd { println!("{}", param1); println!("{}", param2); if param1 > param2 { return param1; } else { return param2; }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: PartialOrd>(x:T, y: T)->T{ if x>y { x }else{ y }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd>(type1: T, type2: T) -> T { if type1 > type2 { type1 } else { type2 }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T:PartialOrd>(value1: T, value2: T) -> T { if value1 > value2 { value1 } else { value2 } }// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: PartialOrd >(v1: T, v2: T) -> T { if v1 > v2 { v1 } else { v2 }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T:std::cmp::PartialOrd>(a:T, b:T) -> T { // Complete the function definitionif a > b { return a;} else { return b;} }// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T:std::cmp::PartialOrd>(a:T, b:T ) -> T { if a > b { return a; } else { return b; }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: std::fmt::Display + std::cmp::PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { println!("a={} b={}", &a, &b); if a > b { return a; } b}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use core::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { println!("{}", a.to_string()); println!("{}", b.to_string()); if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T where T: PartialOrd + std::fmt::Display { if a > b { a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a:T, b:T) -> T { println!("{}", a); println!("{}", b); if a > b { a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd,{ if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use core::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(param_a: T, param_b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd,{ if param_a > param_b { param_a } else { param_b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b:T) -> T{ println!("{}", a); println!("{}", b); if a > b { a } else { b }} // Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a:T,b:T)->T{ if a > b { println!("{} > {}", a, b); a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a:T,b:T)->T{ if a > b { println!("{} > {}", a, b); a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd, { println!("{}, {}", a, b); if a > b { a } else { b } }// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::cmp::PartialOrd;use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: PartialOrd + Display>(arg1: T, arg2: T) -> T { if arg1 < arg2 { println!("{} < {}", arg1, arg2); arg2 } else { arg1 }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::cmp::PartialOrd;use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T:PartialOrd + Display>(a:T,b:T)->T{ if a > b{ a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;use std::cmp::PartialOrd;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd{ println!("{a}"); println!("{b}"); if a > b {a} else {b}}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(p1: T, p2: T) -> T{ println!("{} {}", p1, p2); if p1>p2 { p1 } else{ p2 }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(left: T, right: T) -> T where T: Display + PartialOrd, { println!("{left} {right}"); if left > right { left } else { right } }// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;use std::cmp::PartialOrd;pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(arg1: T, arg2: T) -> T { print!("Item1: {}. Item2: {}", arg1, arg2); if arg1 < arg2 { arg2 } else { arg1 }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>( item : T, item2 : T) -> T // Complete the function definitionwhere T: std::fmt::Display + std::cmp::PartialOrd, { println!("Item 1:{} , Item 2:{}", item,item2); if item > item2 { return item; } else { return item2; }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd,{ println!("parameter 1: {a}"); println!("parameter 2: {b}"); if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display <T : Display + PartialOrd> (value1 :T, value2 :T) -> T{println!("Value1 : {} , Value2 : {}", value1, value2);if value1 > value2 {return value1 ;}value2} // Complete the function definitionuse std::fmt::Display;use std::cmp::PartialOrd;// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b :T) -> T{ if a>b{ return a } b } // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a:T, b:T) -> T where T:Display + PartialOrd { println!("{} {}", a, b); if a > b { return a; } b}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(value1: T, value2: T) -> T{ println!("{} {}", value1, value2); if value1 > value2 { return value1; } value2}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}