Now that we know a bit about traits and generics, let's dive into trait bounds. Trait bounds allow you to specify that a generic type must implement a particular trait. This ensures that only types with certain capabilities can be used with your generic code.
For example:
std::fmt::Display
trait for printing.PartialOrd
for comparison.Trait bounds make your code flexible while maintaining strong type safety.
You can specify trait bounds in two ways:
Inline: Specify the trait bounds after the impl
or fn
keyword.
fn my_function<T: Trait1 + Trait2>(value: T) {
// code here
}
Where clause: Use a where
clause to specify trait bounds.
fn my_function<T>(value: T)
where
T: Trait1 + Trait2,
{
// code here
}
This means that the generic type T
must implement both Trait1
and Trait2
.
Define a generic function compare_and_display
that:
Display
trait.PartialOrd
trait.Use trait bounds to ensure the function works only with types that implement both Display
and PartialOrd
.
If you're stuck, here are some hints to help you solve the challenge:
std::cmp::PartialOrd
to compare values.std::fmt::Display
to print values with the println!
macro.T: Trait1 + Trait2
or using a where
clause. e.g.
fn my_function<T: Trait1 + Trait2>(value: T) {
// code here
}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::fmt::{Display};pub fn compare_and_display<T : Display + PartialOrd>(a : T, b : T) -> T { println!("{a}"); println!("{b}"); if a>b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.uuse std::fmt::{Display};pub fn compare_and_display<T : Display +PartialOrd> (a : T , b : T)->T { println!("{a}"); println!("{b}"); if a>b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::fmt::{Display};pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd,{ println!("{a}"); println!("{b}"); if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::fmt::Display;// Define the generic function `compare_and_display`pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { // Print both parameters using the Display trait println!("First value: {}", a); println!("Second value: {}", b); // Return the greater of the two using the PartialOrd trait if a > b { a } else { b }}// Takes two parameters of the same type.// Prints both parameters using the Display trait.// Returns the greater of the two using the PartialOrd trait.// Use trait bounds to ensure the function works only with types that implement both Display and PartialOrd.// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: PartialOrd + Display>(a: T, b: T) -> T{ if a > b { a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(v1: T, v2: T) -> T { print!("{} and {}", v1, v2); if v1 > v2 { v1 } else { v2 }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::cmp::PartialOrd;use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { println!("{a}"); println!("{b}"); if a > b { return a } b} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T : std::cmp::PartialOrd + std::fmt::Display >(val1 : T, val2 : T) -> T { if val1 < val2 { val2 } else { val1 }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T : std::cmp::PartialOrd + std::fmt::Display >(val1 : T, val2 : T) -> T { if val1 < val2 { val2 } else { val1 }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T : std::cmp::PartialOrd + std::fmt::Display >(val1 : T, val2 : T) -> T { println!("{}", val1); println!("{}", val2); if val1 < val2 { val2 } else { val1 }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(x: T, y: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd { if x < y { y } else { x }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(first: T, second: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + std::cmp::PartialOrd,{ if first > second { first } else { second }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd> (x: T, y: T) -> T {// Complete the function definition if x > y { return x } else { return y }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd, { println!("{}", a); println!("{}", b); if a > b { a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::cmp::PartialOrd;use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(value1: T, value2: T)-> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd { if value1 >= value2 { return value1 ; } value2 }// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd{ if a < b { return b; } else { return a; }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { // Complete the function definition match a > b { true => a, false => b, }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + std::cmp::PartialOrd,{ println!("{}", a); println!("{}", b); if a > b { return a } b}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a : T, b : T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + std::cmp::PartialOrd{ println!("{a}"); println!("{b}"); if a > b { a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd{ if a > b { a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { println!("{}", a); println!("{}", b); return if a > b { a } else { b };}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd>(param1: T, param2: T) -> T { println!("{}", param1); println!("{}", param2); if param1 > param2 { param1 } else { param2 }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;use std::cmp::PartialOrd;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T where T: Display + PartialOrd { if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd{ if a > b { return a } else { return b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T> (item1: T, item2: T) -> T where T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd { println!("{item1}"); println!("{item2}"); if item1 >= item2 { return item1; } item2 } // Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::cmp::PartialOrd;use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: PartialOrd + Display>(a: T, b: T) -> T { match a > b { true => a, false => b, }}
use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd,{ if a > b { a } else { b }}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.use core::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display+PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T)-> T{ println!("{a}"); println!("{b}"); if a>b{ return a; }else{ return b; }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: PartialOrd + Display> (value_1: T, value_2: T) -> T { if value_1 > value_2 {value_1} else {value_2}}// Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(x: T, y: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialEq + PartialOrd{ if x > y {x} else {y}}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(x: T, y: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialEq + PartialOrd{ if x > y {x} else {y}}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: std::cmp::PartialOrd + std::fmt::Display,{ if a < b { b } else { a }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(x: T, y: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + std::cmp::PartialOrd { print!("{x}"); print!("{y}"); if x < y { y } else { x }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd { if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(x: T, y: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialEq + PartialOrd{ if x > y {x} else {y}}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: PartialOrd + PartialEq,{ if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: std::cmp::PartialOrd + std::fmt::Display>(value1: T, value2: T) -> T { if &value1 > &value2 { value1 } else { value2 }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> TwhereT: Display + PartialOrd { println!("{} {}", a, b); if a > b { a } else { b }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a1: T, a2: T) -> T { println!("{}", a1); println!("{}", a2); if a2 > a1 { return a2; } else { return a1; }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(val1: T, val2: T) -> T { println!("{val1}\n{val2}"); if val1 > val2 {val1} else {val2}}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::cmp::PartialOrd;use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(value1: T, value2: T) -> T { println!("Value1: {value1}"); println!("Value2: {value2}"); if value1 > value2 { value1 } else { value2 }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display::<u32>(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display::<&str>("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::{cmp::Ordering, fmt::Display};// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T { println!("a: {}, b: {}", a, b); match a.partial_cmp(&b) { Some(Ordering::Less) => b, _ => a, }} // Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;use std::cmp::PartialOrd;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(value1: T, value2:T) -> T{ println!("Value 1: {}", value1); println!("Value 2: {}", value2); if value1 > value2 { value1 } else { value2 }}// Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(param1: T, param2: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + std::cmp::PartialOrd{ println!("Param1: {}, Param2: {}", param1, param2); if param1 > param2 { param1 } else { param2 }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T>(x: T, y: T) -> Twhere T: Display + PartialOrd,{ println!("{} {}", x, y); if x > y { x } else { y }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::cmp::Ordering;use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd>(x: T, y: T) -> T { // Complete the function definition print!("{} {}", x, y); match x.partial_cmp(&y).unwrap() { Ordering::Greater => { x }, Ordering::Less => { y }, Ordering::Equal => { x } }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(input1: T, input2: T)-> T where T: Display + PartialOrd { println!("{},{}", input1, input2); if input1 >= input2 { input1 } else { input2 }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
// TODO: Define the generic function `compare_and_display` with appropriate trait bounds.pub fn compare_and_display<T>(a: T, b: T) -> Twhere T: std::fmt::Display + PartialOrd{ println!("{}", a); println!("{}", b); if a >= b { a } else { b }}// Complete the function definition// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}
use std::fmt::Display;pub fn compare_and_display<T: Display + PartialOrd> (a: T, b: T) -> T { println!("{} {}", a, b); if a > b { a } else { b }}// Example usagepub fn main() { let greater = compare_and_display(10, 20); println!("Greater value: {}", greater); let greater = compare_and_display("Apple", "Orange"); println!("Greater value: {}", greater);}